Linear and nonlinear interactions between the earth tide and a tectonically stressed earth

In the vincinity of earthquake focal regions, conditions may not be equal. Crustal rocks stressed to more than approximately 0.6 of their failure strength exhibit material properties over and above that of linear elasticity. Interactions between the earth tide and crustal rocks that are under high tectonic stress are discussed in terms of simple phenomenological models. In particular, the difference between a nonlinear elastic model of dilatancy and a dilatancy model that exhibits hysteresis is noted. It is concluded that the small changes in stress produced by the earth tide act as a probe of the properties of crustal rocks. Observations of earth tide tilts and strains in such high stress zones may, therefore, provide keys to the constitutive properties and the tectonic stress rate tensor of these zones

How a photograph uncovered my grandmother's republican activism during the Irish Revolution

This article for The Conversation Insights Series tells the story of how I discovered through a family photograph that my grandmother was an active member of Cumann na mBan during the Irish Revolutionary period 1910-1923

Women’s Organisations, Active Citizenship, and the Peace Movement: New Perspectives on Female Activism in Britain, 1918-1939

The history of women’s engagement in the interwar peace movement has focused primarily on feminist pacifists, individuals who participated in both the women’s suffrage movement and the peace movement. Much less attention has been given to the peace activism of voluntary women’s groups who did not self-identify as feminist but who were equally committed to the preservation of peace. This article explores the contribution of three women’s organisations, the National Council of Women, the Women’s Institutes and the Young Women’s Christian Association, to the interwar peace movement. Their involvement not only reveals the extent of their anti-war activism, but calls into question long-held assumptions about what motivated women to engage in the campaign for peace. This re-evaluation of female peace activism provides new insights into the varied reasons why women wanted peace and challenges the belief that anti-war activism weakened the women’s movement during the interwar years

Preliminary Results for LP VPE X-Ray Detectors

Thick epitaxial layers have been grown using Low Pressure Vapour Phase Epitaxy techniques with low free carrier concentrations . This type of material is attractive as a medium for X-ray detection, because of its high conversion efficiency for X-rays in the medically interesting energy range.Comment: 4 pages. PS file only - original in WORD. Also available at http://ppewww.ph.gla.ac.uk/preprints/97/07

Restricted maximum likelihood estimation of genetic parameters for the first three lactations in the Montbéliarde dairy cattle breed

Genetic parameters for the first three lactations have been estimated for the main dairy traits (milk, fat, protein and useful yields adjusted for lactation length, fat and protein contents). Two data sets were analysed, including records on 30 751 cows born from 128 young sires and 52 proven sires. Daughters’ performances from the most widely used proven sires were incorporated in order to improve the degree of connectedness among herds. The model fitted young sires as random and proven sires, herd-year, season-year of calving, age at first calving and length of the previous lactation as fixed effects. Relationships among bulls were included. Analysis was by restricted maximum likelihood using an EM-related algorithm and a Cholesky transformation. All genetic correlations were larger than 0.89. Correlations between the first and third lactations were slightly lower than the others. Heritabilities of milk, fat, protein and useful yields ranged from 0.17 to 0.27. Phenotypic correlations between successive lactations were higher than 0.6 and those between lactations 1 and 3 lower than 0.55. Heritabilities of fat and protein contents were higher than 0.44 with phenotypic correlations being stable at about 0.70. The "repeatability model" which considers all lactation records as a single trait can be considered in genetic evaluation procedures for dairy traits without significant losses in efficiency.Ce travail a pour but l’estimation des paramètres génétiques des 3 premières lactations des femelles Montbéliardes et porte sur les principales caractéristiques laitières (productions, ajustées pour la durée de lactation, de lait et de matières utiles, grasses et protéiques, taux butyreux et protéique). Deux fichiers sont étudiés. Ils rassemblent les performances de 30 751 femelles issues de 128 taureaux de testage et de 52 taureaux de service. Ceux-ci sont introduits dans l’analyse pour améliorer les connexions entre troupeaux. Le modèle comporte l’effet aléatoire "père de testage" et les effets fixés "père de service", "troupeau-année", "âge au premier vêlage", "année-saison de vêlage" et "durée de la lactation précédente". L’apparentement des reproducteurs mâles est considéré. Les données transformées par la décomposition de Cholesky sont analysées par le maximum de vraisemblance restreint avec un algorithme apparenté à l’E.M. Les corrélations génétiques des 6 caractères, toujours supérieures à 0,89, sont légèrement plus faibles pour les lactations 1 et 3. Pour les caractères de production, l’héritabilité varie de 0,17 à 0,27. Les corrélations phénotypiques sont supérieures à 0,60 pour les lactations successives et inférieures à 0,55 pour les lactations 1 et 3. Les taux présentent une héritabilité supérieure à 0,44 et des corrélations phénotypiques voisines de 0,7 et pratiquement indépendantes du couple de lactations considéré. Ces résultats indiquent que les différentes lactations peuvent être traitées comme des répétitions d’un même caractère. Ce modèle, dit de "répétabilité" permet d’alléger les calculs sans diminuer l’efficacité de la sélection

Correlation Between Electric and Lithologic Characteristics in Four Wells in San Juan County, New Mexico

The primary objective of the problem is to relate electric characteristics to lithologic characteristics in four wells in San Juan County, New Mexico. The secondary objective is to decipher stratigraphic correlations between wells. The wells, in San Juan County, are geologically located in the San Juan Basin, a structural basin in the Colorado Plateau. The formations range in age from Paleozoic Cambrian (?) to Cenozoic Recent. The boundaries of the Basin are ill-defined and have shifted throughout the history of the area